Found 270 results for Nephrology

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Cresp

Cresp 2

Cresp®(Biosimilar of darbepoetin alpha), a product by Dr. Reddy's is an erythropoiesis-stimulating agent which helps in treatment of renal anemia in pre-dialysis patients
Cresp

Cresp 2

Cresp®(Biosimilar of darbepoetin alpha), a product by Dr. Reddy's is an erythropoiesis-stimulating agent which helps in treatment of renal anemia in pre-dialysis patients
Cresp
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Cresp

Cresp 2

Cresp®(Biosimilar of darbepoetin alpha), a product by Dr. Reddy's is an erythropoiesis-stimulating agent which helps in treatment of renal anemia in pre-dialysis patients
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Cresp

Cresp 1

Cresp®(Biosimilar of darbepoetin alpha), a product by Dr. Reddy's is an erythropoiesis-stimulating agent which helps in treatment of renal anemia in pre-dialysis patients
Cresp

Cresp 1

Cresp®(Biosimilar of darbepoetin alpha), a product by Dr. Reddy's is an erythropoiesis-stimulating agent which helps in treatment of renal anemia in pre-dialysis patients
Cresp
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Cresp

Cresp 1

Cresp®(Biosimilar of darbepoetin alpha), a product by Dr. Reddy's is an erythropoiesis-stimulating agent which helps in treatment of renal anemia in pre-dialysis patients
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Videos

Ferric Carboxymaltose for Oncology/ Hematology by Dr Rajeev Saini

Discussion about role of DPO in Anemia management

20 Nov 2024
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Hypertension Series: Non-Pharmacological Management by Prof Hein Yarzar Aung

Discussing on lifestyle modification and impact on blood pressure

12 Nov 2024
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Hypertension Series: Pharmacological Management by Prof Hein Yarzar Aung

Discussion on choice of antihypertensive drug class and general recommendations for antihypertensive drug treatment

12 Nov 2024
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Medshorts

Dialysis
3Min Read

Efficacy, safety, and feasibility of roxadustat as part of a dialysis organization

Recent research demonstrated that roxadustat successfully achieved and maintained average hemoglobin levels of 10.0 g/dL or higher in patients who are on dialysis. The incorporation of oral roxadustat within dialysis organizations demonstrated a significant degree of adherence to dosing protocols, with no new safety issues identified. The results of this study were published in the journal Hemodialysis International.

Eligible individuals were treated with open-label roxadustat, administered three times weekly for a total of twenty-four weeks, with the possibility of extension of  ≤ 1 year. The initial dosing regimen depended on the dosage of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) at the time of screening for patients who had been on ESAs for six weeks or longer, while it was based on body weight for those who had been on ESAs for less than six weeks. This study's primary efficacy endpoints were the percentage of patients with a mean hemoglobin (Hb) level of at least 10.0 g/dL, averaged throughout the time period from weeks sixteen to twenty-four, as well as the mean change in hemoglobin from the baseline to the average observed from sixteen to twenty-four weeks. Additionally, treatment-emergent serious adverse events (TESAEs) and treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were evaluated.

Among the 281 patients screened, 203 underwent treatment, and 201 were incorporated into the complete analysis set. In total, 166 patients completed the twenty-four week treatment duration, with 126 proceeding into the extension period. The mean baseline hemoglobin level was 10.4 g/dL, and 82.6% of the participants underwent in-center hemodialysis. From weeks sixteen to twenty-four, a mean hemoglobin level of 10.0 g/dL or higher was achieved by 84.6% of the patients. The mean change in Hb from baseline during this timeframe was 0.5 (1.0) g/dL. Adherence to the dosing regimen was recorded at 94%. Additionally, 3.0% of patients received a red blood cell transfusion at up to week twenty-four. TESAEs and TEAEs were reported by 25.6% and 71.4% of patients, respectively. The most commonly reported TESAEs included COVID-19 (n = 5; 2.5%), as well as pneumonia, acute myocardial infarction, and sepsis (each n = 4; 2.0%).

Thus, it can be concluded that roxadustat was able to effectively reach and uphold mean hemoglobin levels of ≥10.0 g/dL in patients on dialysis. The successful incorporation of oral roxadustat into dialysis protocols has been shown, signifying compliance with the recommended dosing schedule.

20 Nov 2024
Dialysis

Efficacy, safety, and feasibility of roxadustat as part of a dialysis organization

Recent research demonstrated that roxadustat successfully achieved and maintained average hemoglobin levels of 10.0 g/dL or higher in patients who are on dialysis. The incorporation of oral roxadustat within dialysis organizations demonstrated a significant degree of adherence to dosing protocols, with no new safety issues identified. The results of this study were published in the journal Hemodialysis International.

Eligible individuals were treated with open-label roxadustat, administered three times weekly for a total of twenty-four weeks, with the possibility of extension of  ≤ 1 year. The initial dosing regimen depended on the dosage of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) at the time of screening for patients who had been on ESAs for six weeks or longer, while it was based on body weight for those who had been on ESAs for less than six weeks. This study's primary efficacy endpoints were the percentage of patients with a mean hemoglobin (Hb) level of at least 10.0 g/dL, averaged throughout the time period from weeks sixteen to twenty-four, as well as the mean change in hemoglobin from the baseline to the average observed from sixteen to twenty-four weeks. Additionally, treatment-emergent serious adverse events (TESAEs) and treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were evaluated.

Among the 281 patients screened, 203 underwent treatment, and 201 were incorporated into the complete analysis set. In total, 166 patients completed the twenty-four week treatment duration, with 126 proceeding into the extension period. The mean baseline hemoglobin level was 10.4 g/dL, and 82.6% of the participants underwent in-center hemodialysis. From weeks sixteen to twenty-four, a mean hemoglobin level of 10.0 g/dL or higher was achieved by 84.6% of the patients. The mean change in Hb from baseline during this timeframe was 0.5 (1.0) g/dL. Adherence to the dosing regimen was recorded at 94%. Additionally, 3.0% of patients received a red blood cell transfusion at up to week twenty-four. TESAEs and TEAEs were reported by 25.6% and 71.4% of patients, respectively. The most commonly reported TESAEs included COVID-19 (n = 5; 2.5%), as well as pneumonia, acute myocardial infarction, and sepsis (each n = 4; 2.0%).

Thus, it can be concluded that roxadustat was able to effectively reach and uphold mean hemoglobin levels of ≥10.0 g/dL in patients on dialysis. The successful incorporation of oral roxadustat into dialysis protocols has been shown, signifying compliance with the recommended dosing schedule.

Dialysis
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Dialysis

Efficacy, safety, and feasibility of roxadustat as part of a dialysis organization

Recent research demonstrated that roxadustat successfully achieved and maintained average hemoglobin levels of 10.0 g/dL or higher in patients who are on dialysis. The incorporation of oral roxadustat within dialysis organizations demonstrated a significant degree of adherence to dosing protocols, with no new safety issues identified. The results of this study were published in the journal Hemodialysis International.

Eligible individuals were treated with open-label roxadustat, administered three times weekly for a total of twenty-four weeks, with the possibility of extension of  ≤ 1 year. The initial dosing regimen depended on the dosage of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) at the time of screening for patients who had been on ESAs for six weeks or longer, while it was based on body weight for those who had been on ESAs for less than six weeks. This study's primary efficacy endpoints were the percentage of patients with a mean hemoglobin (Hb) level of at least 10.0 g/dL, averaged throughout the time period from weeks sixteen to twenty-four, as well as the mean change in hemoglobin from the baseline to the average observed from sixteen to twenty-four weeks. Additionally, treatment-emergent serious adverse events (TESAEs) and treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were evaluated.

Among the 281 patients screened, 203 underwent treatment, and 201 were incorporated into the complete analysis set. In total, 166 patients completed the twenty-four week treatment duration, with 126 proceeding into the extension period. The mean baseline hemoglobin level was 10.4 g/dL, and 82.6% of the participants underwent in-center hemodialysis. From weeks sixteen to twenty-four, a mean hemoglobin level of 10.0 g/dL or higher was achieved by 84.6% of the patients. The mean change in Hb from baseline during this timeframe was 0.5 (1.0) g/dL. Adherence to the dosing regimen was recorded at 94%. Additionally, 3.0% of patients received a red blood cell transfusion at up to week twenty-four. TESAEs and TEAEs were reported by 25.6% and 71.4% of patients, respectively. The most commonly reported TESAEs included COVID-19 (n = 5; 2.5%), as well as pneumonia, acute myocardial infarction, and sepsis (each n = 4; 2.0%).

Thus, it can be concluded that roxadustat was able to effectively reach and uphold mean hemoglobin levels of ≥10.0 g/dL in patients on dialysis. The successful incorporation of oral roxadustat into dialysis protocols has been shown, signifying compliance with the recommended dosing schedule.

20 Nov 2024
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Stage 3-5 CKD
2Min Read

The effect of ziltivekimab on hemoglobin levels in individuals with CKD stage 3-5

A recent study has shown that the use of ziltivekimab as an anti-inflammatory treatment led to improvements in anemia markers and iron regulation in individuals with stage 3-5 chronic kidney disease (CKD) and systemic inflammation, indicating a potential role in managing anemia. The Journal of the American Society of Nephrology published the study's findings.

This study analyzed exploratory end points from the RESCUE trial, involving 264 adults with CKD stage 3-5 and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein ≥2 mg/L. The subjects were administered with either a placebo or subcutaneous ziltivekimab (7.5 mg, 15 mg, or 30 mg) in a 1:1:1:1 ratio at four-week intervals for a duration of up to twenty-four weeks. The end points included the biomarkers of iron homeostasis and changes in hemoglobin (Hb) from baseline to twelfth week.

The levels of hemoglobin significantly increased from the starting point to week 12 when administered with ziltivekimab at 7.5 mg, 15 mg, and 30 mg doses. The differences in treatment compared to the placebo were +0.57 g/dl [95% CI, 0.27 to 0.86], +1.05 g/dl [0.76 to 1.33], and +0.99 g/dl [0.70 to 1.28], respectively, all with a P value < 0.001. Ziltivekimab also resulted in significant elevations in total iron-binding capacity, serum iron levels, and transferrin saturation from the baseline to week 12 (P value < 0.05 vs. placebo for all doses and comparisons). Instances of sustained neutropenia, sustained thrombocytopenia, anemia, and iron deficiency anemia were uncommon and similar across all cohorts.

The above study showed that treatment with ziltivekimab, an anti-inflammatory therapy, led to improvements in anemia markers and iron homeostasis in patients with stage 3-5 CKD and systemic inflammation. This indicates a possible role in the treatment of anemia.

14 Nov 2024
Stage 3-5 CKD

The effect of ziltivekimab on hemoglobin levels in individuals with CKD stage 3-5

A recent study has shown that the use of ziltivekimab as an anti-inflammatory treatment led to improvements in anemia markers and iron regulation in individuals with stage 3-5 chronic kidney disease (CKD) and systemic inflammation, indicating a potential role in managing anemia. The Journal of the American Society of Nephrology published the study's findings.

This study analyzed exploratory end points from the RESCUE trial, involving 264 adults with CKD stage 3-5 and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein ≥2 mg/L. The subjects were administered with either a placebo or subcutaneous ziltivekimab (7.5 mg, 15 mg, or 30 mg) in a 1:1:1:1 ratio at four-week intervals for a duration of up to twenty-four weeks. The end points included the biomarkers of iron homeostasis and changes in hemoglobin (Hb) from baseline to twelfth week.

The levels of hemoglobin significantly increased from the starting point to week 12 when administered with ziltivekimab at 7.5 mg, 15 mg, and 30 mg doses. The differences in treatment compared to the placebo were +0.57 g/dl [95% CI, 0.27 to 0.86], +1.05 g/dl [0.76 to 1.33], and +0.99 g/dl [0.70 to 1.28], respectively, all with a P value < 0.001. Ziltivekimab also resulted in significant elevations in total iron-binding capacity, serum iron levels, and transferrin saturation from the baseline to week 12 (P value < 0.05 vs. placebo for all doses and comparisons). Instances of sustained neutropenia, sustained thrombocytopenia, anemia, and iron deficiency anemia were uncommon and similar across all cohorts.

The above study showed that treatment with ziltivekimab, an anti-inflammatory therapy, led to improvements in anemia markers and iron homeostasis in patients with stage 3-5 CKD and systemic inflammation. This indicates a possible role in the treatment of anemia.

Stage 3-5 CKD
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Stage 3-5 CKD

The effect of ziltivekimab on hemoglobin levels in individuals with CKD stage 3-5

A recent study has shown that the use of ziltivekimab as an anti-inflammatory treatment led to improvements in anemia markers and iron regulation in individuals with stage 3-5 chronic kidney disease (CKD) and systemic inflammation, indicating a potential role in managing anemia. The Journal of the American Society of Nephrology published the study's findings.

This study analyzed exploratory end points from the RESCUE trial, involving 264 adults with CKD stage 3-5 and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein ≥2 mg/L. The subjects were administered with either a placebo or subcutaneous ziltivekimab (7.5 mg, 15 mg, or 30 mg) in a 1:1:1:1 ratio at four-week intervals for a duration of up to twenty-four weeks. The end points included the biomarkers of iron homeostasis and changes in hemoglobin (Hb) from baseline to twelfth week.

The levels of hemoglobin significantly increased from the starting point to week 12 when administered with ziltivekimab at 7.5 mg, 15 mg, and 30 mg doses. The differences in treatment compared to the placebo were +0.57 g/dl [95% CI, 0.27 to 0.86], +1.05 g/dl [0.76 to 1.33], and +0.99 g/dl [0.70 to 1.28], respectively, all with a P value < 0.001. Ziltivekimab also resulted in significant elevations in total iron-binding capacity, serum iron levels, and transferrin saturation from the baseline to week 12 (P value < 0.05 vs. placebo for all doses and comparisons). Instances of sustained neutropenia, sustained thrombocytopenia, anemia, and iron deficiency anemia were uncommon and similar across all cohorts.

The above study showed that treatment with ziltivekimab, an anti-inflammatory therapy, led to improvements in anemia markers and iron homeostasis in patients with stage 3-5 CKD and systemic inflammation. This indicates a possible role in the treatment of anemia.

14 Nov 2024
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Chronic Kidney Disease
3Min Read

The impact of C-reactive protein on the efficacy of roxadustat in managing anemia in chronic kidney disease

A recent study demonstrated that roxadustat displays similar efficacy across different blood C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. Additionally, in the CRP ≥ upper limit of normal (ULN) group, roxadustat can uphold efficacy comparable to erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESA) without the need for dose escalation. The study's results were recorded in the publication BMC Nephrology. 
A comprehensive search was conducted across electronic databases, including Web of Science, Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Wanfang, International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP), and CNKI from their inception until 19thMay, 2022. A systematic review was performed on evidence from randomized controlled trials that used hypoxia-inducible factor-prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors (HIF-PHIs) for treating renal anemia. The meta-analysis findings were derived from the mean difference (MD) in changes in hemoglobin concentration (∆Hb) pre- and post-treatment, utilizing a random-effects model. Groups with CRP levels at or above the upper limit of normal (ULN) were compared with those below the ULN. Further analysis was conducted within the CRP ≥ ULN group, comparing erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESA) and HIF-PHIs.
This analysis included a total of seven studies from six publications. When comparing the CRP ≥ ULN group with the CRP < ULN group, 524 patients from four studies were analyzed. All patients were administered roxadustat as the primary intervention. The pooled results showed no significant difference in ΔHb between patients with CRP ≥ ULN and CRP < ULN at baseline (MD: 0.00, 95% CI: -0.32 to 0.33, P value= 0.99). The effectiveness of roxadustat and erythropoiesis-stimulating agents was compared in three studies involving 1399 patients within the CRP ≥ ULN group. The findings revealed no significant difference in ΔHb between patients treated with ESAs and HIF-PHIs (MD: 0.24, 95% CI: -0.08 to 0.56, P value = 0.14). Regarding medication dosage, an increase in ESA dose over time was observed in various studies, particularly noticeable in the CRP ≥ ULN group, while the roxadustat dose remained constant over time and was not affected by the baseline CRP levels.
Therefore, roxadustat exhibited similar efficacy regardless of the CRP levels. Additionally, in the CRP ≥ ULN group, roxadustat can sustain effectiveness comparable to erythropoiesis-stimulating agents without the necessity for dose escalation.
 

07 Nov 2024
Chronic Kidney Disease

The impact of C-reactive protein on the efficacy of roxadustat in managing anemia in chronic kidney disease

A recent study demonstrated that roxadustat displays similar efficacy across different blood C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. Additionally, in the CRP ≥ upper limit of normal (ULN) group, roxadustat can uphold efficacy comparable to erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESA) without the need for dose escalation. The study's results were recorded in the publication BMC Nephrology. 
A comprehensive search was conducted across electronic databases, including Web of Science, Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Wanfang, International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP), and CNKI from their inception until 19thMay, 2022. A systematic review was performed on evidence from randomized controlled trials that used hypoxia-inducible factor-prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors (HIF-PHIs) for treating renal anemia. The meta-analysis findings were derived from the mean difference (MD) in changes in hemoglobin concentration (∆Hb) pre- and post-treatment, utilizing a random-effects model. Groups with CRP levels at or above the upper limit of normal (ULN) were compared with those below the ULN. Further analysis was conducted within the CRP ≥ ULN group, comparing erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESA) and HIF-PHIs.
This analysis included a total of seven studies from six publications. When comparing the CRP ≥ ULN group with the CRP < ULN group, 524 patients from four studies were analyzed. All patients were administered roxadustat as the primary intervention. The pooled results showed no significant difference in ΔHb between patients with CRP ≥ ULN and CRP < ULN at baseline (MD: 0.00, 95% CI: -0.32 to 0.33, P value= 0.99). The effectiveness of roxadustat and erythropoiesis-stimulating agents was compared in three studies involving 1399 patients within the CRP ≥ ULN group. The findings revealed no significant difference in ΔHb between patients treated with ESAs and HIF-PHIs (MD: 0.24, 95% CI: -0.08 to 0.56, P value = 0.14). Regarding medication dosage, an increase in ESA dose over time was observed in various studies, particularly noticeable in the CRP ≥ ULN group, while the roxadustat dose remained constant over time and was not affected by the baseline CRP levels.
Therefore, roxadustat exhibited similar efficacy regardless of the CRP levels. Additionally, in the CRP ≥ ULN group, roxadustat can sustain effectiveness comparable to erythropoiesis-stimulating agents without the necessity for dose escalation.
 

Chronic Kidney Disease
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Chronic Kidney Disease

The impact of C-reactive protein on the efficacy of roxadustat in managing anemia in chronic kidney disease

A recent study demonstrated that roxadustat displays similar efficacy across different blood C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. Additionally, in the CRP ≥ upper limit of normal (ULN) group, roxadustat can uphold efficacy comparable to erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESA) without the need for dose escalation. The study's results were recorded in the publication BMC Nephrology. 
A comprehensive search was conducted across electronic databases, including Web of Science, Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Wanfang, International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP), and CNKI from their inception until 19thMay, 2022. A systematic review was performed on evidence from randomized controlled trials that used hypoxia-inducible factor-prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors (HIF-PHIs) for treating renal anemia. The meta-analysis findings were derived from the mean difference (MD) in changes in hemoglobin concentration (∆Hb) pre- and post-treatment, utilizing a random-effects model. Groups with CRP levels at or above the upper limit of normal (ULN) were compared with those below the ULN. Further analysis was conducted within the CRP ≥ ULN group, comparing erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESA) and HIF-PHIs.
This analysis included a total of seven studies from six publications. When comparing the CRP ≥ ULN group with the CRP < ULN group, 524 patients from four studies were analyzed. All patients were administered roxadustat as the primary intervention. The pooled results showed no significant difference in ΔHb between patients with CRP ≥ ULN and CRP < ULN at baseline (MD: 0.00, 95% CI: -0.32 to 0.33, P value= 0.99). The effectiveness of roxadustat and erythropoiesis-stimulating agents was compared in three studies involving 1399 patients within the CRP ≥ ULN group. The findings revealed no significant difference in ΔHb between patients treated with ESAs and HIF-PHIs (MD: 0.24, 95% CI: -0.08 to 0.56, P value = 0.14). Regarding medication dosage, an increase in ESA dose over time was observed in various studies, particularly noticeable in the CRP ≥ ULN group, while the roxadustat dose remained constant over time and was not affected by the baseline CRP levels.
Therefore, roxadustat exhibited similar efficacy regardless of the CRP levels. Additionally, in the CRP ≥ ULN group, roxadustat can sustain effectiveness comparable to erythropoiesis-stimulating agents without the necessity for dose escalation.
 

07 Nov 2024
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Haemodialysis
2Min Read

Impact of high-dose intravenous iron on treatment outcomes and cardiovascular events in hemodialysis patients with renal anemia

According to a recent study, the administration of high-dose intravenous iron may exhibit superior effects on hemoglobin levels, ferritin, transferrin saturation percentage, and the required dosage of erythropoietin in comparison to low-dose iron treatment. This study’s results were published in the journal Chronic Illness. 
In this meta-analysis study, 2422 patients with renal anemia under hemodialysis were enrolled. This study investigated the outcomes related to hemoglobin levels, transferrin saturation percentage, ferritin, erythropoietin dosage, and cardiovascular events.
The administration of high-dose intravenous iron could potentially result in an increase in transferrin saturation percentage, ferritin, and hemoglobin. Additionally, a lower erythropoietin dosage was required to sustain the optimal hemoglobin levels within the high-dose intravenous iron cohort compared to the low-dose intravenous iron cohort.
The above meta-analysis demonstrated that the administration of high-dose intravenous iron has been shown to yield superior outcomes in terms of hemoglobin levels, ferritin, and transferrin saturation percentage, and the required dosage of erythropoietin when compared to low-dose iron treatment. 
 

30 Oct 2024
Haemodialysis

Impact of high-dose intravenous iron on treatment outcomes and cardiovascular events in hemodialysis patients with renal anemia

According to a recent study, the administration of high-dose intravenous iron may exhibit superior effects on hemoglobin levels, ferritin, transferrin saturation percentage, and the required dosage of erythropoietin in comparison to low-dose iron treatment. This study’s results were published in the journal Chronic Illness. 
In this meta-analysis study, 2422 patients with renal anemia under hemodialysis were enrolled. This study investigated the outcomes related to hemoglobin levels, transferrin saturation percentage, ferritin, erythropoietin dosage, and cardiovascular events.
The administration of high-dose intravenous iron could potentially result in an increase in transferrin saturation percentage, ferritin, and hemoglobin. Additionally, a lower erythropoietin dosage was required to sustain the optimal hemoglobin levels within the high-dose intravenous iron cohort compared to the low-dose intravenous iron cohort.
The above meta-analysis demonstrated that the administration of high-dose intravenous iron has been shown to yield superior outcomes in terms of hemoglobin levels, ferritin, and transferrin saturation percentage, and the required dosage of erythropoietin when compared to low-dose iron treatment. 
 

Haemodialysis
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Haemodialysis

Impact of high-dose intravenous iron on treatment outcomes and cardiovascular events in hemodialysis patients with renal anemia

According to a recent study, the administration of high-dose intravenous iron may exhibit superior effects on hemoglobin levels, ferritin, transferrin saturation percentage, and the required dosage of erythropoietin in comparison to low-dose iron treatment. This study’s results were published in the journal Chronic Illness. 
In this meta-analysis study, 2422 patients with renal anemia under hemodialysis were enrolled. This study investigated the outcomes related to hemoglobin levels, transferrin saturation percentage, ferritin, erythropoietin dosage, and cardiovascular events.
The administration of high-dose intravenous iron could potentially result in an increase in transferrin saturation percentage, ferritin, and hemoglobin. Additionally, a lower erythropoietin dosage was required to sustain the optimal hemoglobin levels within the high-dose intravenous iron cohort compared to the low-dose intravenous iron cohort.
The above meta-analysis demonstrated that the administration of high-dose intravenous iron has been shown to yield superior outcomes in terms of hemoglobin levels, ferritin, and transferrin saturation percentage, and the required dosage of erythropoietin when compared to low-dose iron treatment. 
 

30 Oct 2024
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